Networking Commands

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 Show networking information 
 show current networking configuration and status 
 ip a 
 Show IPv4 or IPv6 specifically 
 ip -4 a

ip -6 a 
 Show IPs assigned to interfaces in simple format 
 ip -br addr 
 show network interfaces 
 ip l 
 show configuration for a specific interface 
 ip a s interfacename 
 show route table 
 ip r 
 show arp cache 
 ip n 
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 Changing networking information 
 Add an IP address to an interface: 
 ip a a IPADDRESS dev interfacename 
 Delete an IP from an interface 
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 Network Troubleshooting 
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 traceroute/6 
 The traceroute command is used to send a request to a domain/IP. The output then includes each server that the request has passed through to get to the target: 
 root@test:~# traceroute google.com
traceroute to google.com (142.250.185.78), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets

1  pfsense.b4sed.xyz (192.168.1.1)  0.162 ms  0.120 ms  0.097 ms

2  100.88.196.1 (100.88.196.1)  0.374 ms  0.392 ms  0.372 ms

3  core23.fsn1.hetzner.com (213.239.203.141)  0.432 ms core22.fsn1.hetzner.com (213.239.254.113)  5.252 ms core23.fsn1.hetzner.com (213.239.203.141)  0.383 ms

4  core21.fsn1.hetzner.com (213.239.224.14)  5.029 ms core5.fra.hetzner.com (213.239.224.78)  5.003 ms  4.982 ms

5  72.14.218.176 (72.14.218.176)  5.067 ms 142.250.160.234 (142.250.160.234)  5.087 ms 72.14.218.94 (72.14.218.94)  6.109 ms

6  * * *

7  142.250.214.190 (142.250.214.190)  5.225 ms fra16s48-in-f14.1e100.net (142.250.185.78)  5.223 ms 142.250.210.208 (142.250.210.208)  6.215 ms 
 You can also use traceroute for IPv6 connections: 
 traceroute6 ip/hostname 
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 mtr ( My TraceRoute) 
 The mtr command is very similar to traceroute, except the data is formatted more nicely, and the output continuously updates. 
 mtr google.com

 Host Loss%   Snt   Last   Avg  Best  Wrst StDev

1. pfsense.b4sed.xyz 0.0%    33    0.3   0.2   0.2   0.4   0.1

2. 100.88.196.1 0.0%    33    9.8   1.1   0.4   9.8   1.7

3. core21.fsn1.hetzner.com 0.0%    33    3.2   1.2   0.5   6.1   1.4

4. hos-tr4.ex3k5.dc4.fsn1.hetzner.com 0.0%    32    5.3   5.3   5.1   5.6   0.1

5. 142.250.160.234 0.0%    32    5.2   5.4   5.1   6.5   0.3

6. 72.14.239.217 0.0%    32    5.4   5.6   5.2   7.1   0.4

7. 142.250.62.151 0.0%    32    5.4   5.3   5.2   5.5   0.1

8. fra16s48-in-f14.1e100.net 0.0%    32    5.3   5.3   5.1   5.5   0.1 
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 tracepath/6 
 Tracepath is similar to both of the above commands, however, it has more of a focus on the connection to each host. Tracepath spends 30 seconds analysis the connection between the local machine, and each machine identified as a hop in the trace, making it ideal to identify whether slow responses from a device on the trace are causing slow loading issues. 
 You can also use tracepath for IPv6 connections: 
 traceroute6 ip/hostname 
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