Magento Installation

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Magento is an ecommerce stack typically made up of the following components:

nginx/apache

mysql/mariadb

php

Elasticsearch - Used in Magento as the store search engine and product cataloguing system.

Composer dependency tool for PHP - essentially it will automatically install/configure PHP dependancies ie extensions.

Varnish - HTTP caching service

Redis - memory database caching service

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https://www.mgt-commerce.com/tutorial/how-to-install-magento-2-4-4-on-ubuntu-20-04/