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==================================================================================== FTP Passive Mode Passive ports are used to allow multiple FTP connections  by moving open FTP connections from port 21 to a port specified in the passive port range (40,000-...

Nick Abbots Script: vi ukfastmon;chmod u+x ukfastmon; ./ukfastmon; rm -f ukfastmon #!/bin/bash if [ "$1" = "w" ]; then locate wp-includes/version.php | xargs grep -H '^$wp_version' | grep -v virtfs echo "" echo "" echo -n "The latest stable rele...

==================================================================================== Common Error/Limit identification  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------...

==================================================================================== MySQL Optimisation ==================================================================================== MySQL Tuner Script wget -O mysqltuner.pl mysqltuner.pl && perl mysq...

==================================================================================== MySQL Check mysqlcheck -options database MySQL Check Options: -c Checks tables for errors. It performs a CHECK TABLE operation on each table in the specified databa...

==================================================================================== Robots.txt   Robots.txt is a file that can be used on a server to decide which bots/crawlers can access the site as well as how often they can make requests.  It's important...

SPF (Sender Policy Framework) is an email authentication record, which is essentially used to define which specific servers are permitted to send mail on behalf of a domain. https://docs.ukfast.co.uk/email/spf.html -------------------------------------------...

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   Mail Account Credentials We can run the below command to retrieve credentials for any mail account on a Plesk server:...

Adding Users Adding Users To add a user, the useradd command can be used. useradd username If you want to create a user with it's own home directory, this can be done using the -m flag: useradd -m username The default contents of a users home directo...

==================================================================================== /etc/passwd used to store user and system accounts ==================================================================================== /etc/shadow Used to store user pas...

User & Group Privileges For users to have escalated privilege on a server (root access), they need to be granted this permission. sudo Users with sudo access have full administrator permissions, which means that they can essentially perform any task on th...

==================================================================================== YUM (Yellowdog Update Manager) & DNF Both yum and DNF are found on RedHat based systems, and are pretty much interchangable. -----------------------------------------------...

Compiling an application from source essentially means that you are manually creating a package using the source code. In this example, I'm compiling the John the Ripper password cracker from source, on an Ubuntu machine. To being, ensure that the required p...

==================================================================================== Show networking information show current networking configuration and status ip a Show IPv4 or IPv6 specifically ip -4 a ip -6 a Show IPs assigned to interfaces in si...

==================================================================================== Ubuntu - Netplan Before making changes to the network configuration on an Ubuntu machine, ensure that Cloud-init isn't enabled. Cloud-init is essentially Canonicals attempt ...

==================================================================================== DNS and Hosts Testing ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ dig d...

GRUB's responsibility in the boot process   GRUB2 Installation There may come a time where you need to install or reinstall GRUB2 on a system. Depending on whether your system is booting via BIOS or UEFI, you'll need to use a slightly different method; ...

What is the Linux Kernel? The Linux kernel is the core software that acts as an interface between the hardware and various software applications running on your system. uname uname command can be used to view kernel and system information. uname -flag ...