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Python Fundamentals

Python Command Index

print print string ("") or variable value ().
variable = value Set a variable. space and comma seperated.
input prompt user input

data types and conversion

integer (int)- whole number

floating point (float) - decimal

boolean (bool) - true or false

string (str) - string

Python notes

name = input ("What is your name? ")
age = input ("How old are you? ")
new_patient = input ("Are you a new patient? ")
print(name, age, new_patient)

Type Conversion

birth_year = input ("Enter your birth year ")
age = 2024 - int(birth_year)
print (age)

datatype(variable_to_convert)+

Basic number + number

first_number = float(input("First: ")) ##variable is set as type float, and takes input from user
second_number = float(input("Second: ")) ##variable is set as type float, and takes input from user
total = (first_number) + (second_number) ##variable is set as the sum of first + second variables
print ("Sum " + str(total)) ##String Sum is printed, as well as the variable total. Python cannot concatenate different variable types.

variable options/methods

(variable.find('string') Search for a string. Prints index of finding
.upper/.lower

upper and lower case
.replace('oldstring', 'newstring')

Operators

+

/ - division floating point.

// - division integer

% - Modulus operator

Example

If you have 7 % 3, the operation would be:

  • 7 divided by 3 equals 2 with a remainder of 1.
  • So, 7 % 3 equals 1.

** - exponent operator

to the power of

10 ** 2 = 10²

Logical Operators

Logical operators in Python are used to combine conditional statements. They allow you to perform logical operations on expressions and return a boolean value (True or False). Python has three logical operators:

price = 25
print(price > 10 and price < 30)
print(price > 10 or price <30)

and

 Returns True if both statements are true.

or

 Returns True if one of the statements is true.

not

 Reverses the result, returns False if the result is true.

Comparison Operators

These operators compare two values and return a boolean result (True or False).

price = 25
print(price > 10 and price < 30)

<

 less than

> 

 greater than

<= 

 less than or equal to

>= 

 greater than or equal to

== 

 equal to

!= 

 not equal to

IF Statements

An if statement in Python is a control flow statement that allows you to execute a block of code only if a specified condition is true.

temperature = 35
if temperature > 30:
    print ("It's a hot day")

ELSE IF Statements

The elif statement in Python, short for "else if," is used to check multiple conditions in an if statement. It allows you to specify additional conditions if the previous conditions are not true. There's no limit on the number of elif conditions you can add.

temperature = 35
if temperature > 30:
    print ("It's a hot day")
elif temperature > 20:
    print("It's a nice day")

ELSE Statements

The else statement in Python is used in conjunction with if and elif statements to provide a block of code that executes when none of the preceding conditions are true. It acts as a default case for your conditional logic, ensuring that there's always a defined action if none of the specified conditions are met.

temperature = 35
if temperature > 30:
    print ("It's a hot day")
elif temperature > 20:
    print("It's a nice day")
else:
    print("It's probably cold")

 

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