Networking Commands
====================================================================================
Show networking information
show current networking configuration and status
ip aShow IPv4 or IPv6 specifically
ip -4 a
ip -6 aShow IPs assigned to interfaces in simple format
ip -br addrshow network interfaces
ip lshow configuration for a specific interface
ip a s interfacenameshow route table
ip rshow arp cache
ip n------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Changing networking information
Add an IP address to an interface:
ip a a IPADDRESS dev interfacenameDelete an IP from an interface
====================================================================================
Network Troubleshooting
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
traceroute/6
The traceroute command is used to send a request to a domain/IP. The output then includes each server that the request has passed through to get to the target:
root@test:~# traceroute google.com
traceroute to google.com (142.250.185.78), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 pfsense.b4sed.xyz (192.168.1.1) 0.162 ms 0.120 ms 0.097 ms
2 100.88.196.1 (100.88.196.1) 0.374 ms 0.392 ms 0.372 ms
3 core23.fsn1.hetzner.com (213.239.203.141) 0.432 ms core22.fsn1.hetzner.com (213.239.254.113) 5.252 ms core23.fsn1.hetzner.com (213.239.203.141) 0.383 ms
4 core21.fsn1.hetzner.com (213.239.224.14) 5.029 ms core5.fra.hetzner.com (213.239.224.78) 5.003 ms 4.982 ms
5 72.14.218.176 (72.14.218.176) 5.067 ms 142.250.160.234 (142.250.160.234) 5.087 ms 72.14.218.94 (72.14.218.94) 6.109 ms
6 * * *
7 142.250.214.190 (142.250.214.190) 5.225 ms fra16s48-in-f14.1e100.net (142.250.185.78) 5.223 ms 142.250.210.208 (142.250.210.208) 6.215 msYou can also use traceroute for IPv6 connections:
traceroute6 ip/hostname------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
mtr ( My TraceRoute)
The mtr command is very similar to traceroute, except the data is formatted more nicely, and the output continuously updates.
mtr google.com
Host Loss% Snt Last Avg Best Wrst StDev
1. pfsense.b4sed.xyz 0.0% 33 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.1
2. 100.88.196.1 0.0% 33 9.8 1.1 0.4 9.8 1.7
3. core21.fsn1.hetzner.com 0.0% 33 3.2 1.2 0.5 6.1 1.4
4. hos-tr4.ex3k5.dc4.fsn1.hetzner.com 0.0% 32 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.6 0.1
5. 142.250.160.234 0.0% 32 5.2 5.4 5.1 6.5 0.3
6. 72.14.239.217 0.0% 32 5.4 5.6 5.2 7.1 0.4
7. 142.250.62.151 0.0% 32 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.5 0.1
8. fra16s48-in-f14.1e100.net 0.0% 32 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.5 0.1------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
tracepath/6
Tracepath is similar to both of the above commands, however, it has more of a focus on the connection to each host. Tracepath spends 30 seconds analysis the connection between the local machine, and each machine identified as a hop in the trace, making it ideal to identify whether slow responses from a device on the trace are causing slow loading issues.
You can also use tracepath for IPv6 connections:
traceroute6 ip/hostname====================================================================================
No Comments