File Permissions and Ownership

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Linux File Permissions

Every file in Linux has permissions, these define which actions can be undertaken by the user,group, and other.

As seen on the file below, permissions are set at the start of the line using 10 characters.

-r--r-xrw- 1 root root       27 May 26 10:56 test.txt

These 10 characters are the permission classes, and are used as follows:

(For file type: - is a file, d is a directory).

Permissions can also be represented in number format.

Changing Permissions

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ChangeChanging file/file or directory permissions (ensure to change permission value)

(Numerical representation)

chmod 777 filename 

(Letter representation)

chmod u=rwx,g=rwx,o=r

You can also use -R to chmod recursively:

chmod -R 777 directoryname

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Linux File Ownership

Files in Linux are owned by a user and group.

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root       27 May 26 10:56 test.txt

Changing user/group

chown newuser:newgroup

For instances where you'reyou wantingwant to chwonchown a directory, and all of the subdirectories & files within, we can use the -R (recursive) flag:

chown -R newuser:newgroup directoryname 

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